3.2.1.

3 Things I Learned

• William Wilberforce was a member of Parliament who led the fight for abolition in Great Britain.
• The French term laissez faire, by extension means "let the people do as they please."
• A child laborer would be whipped by adult overseers when  their work became drowsy. 

2 Things That Interested Me

• The French hated Karl Marx because of his ideas for government reform.
• Robert Owen founded a cooperative community in New Harmony, Indiana. This community was meant to be a utopia, it only lasted three years.

1 Question I Still Have

• "Why can't we all just get along?" -Rodney King

Connection Across Time

A totalitarian government, as its name implies, is characterized by its total control over all aspects of its citizens' political and economic activities. It is often used interchangeably with the term dictatorship to indicate a non-democratic form of government. But totalitarianism is even more rigorous in its controls. It is also marked by a distinct ideology, or set of beliefs, as in fascism, Nazism, or Communism. As a form of government, totalitarianism is of fairly recent origin. The term came into use in the 1920's and 1930's to describe the fascist regimes of Italy and Nazi Germany. After World War II (1939-45) the name was increasingly used to describe the Communist governments of the Soviet Union and the newly created states of Eastern Europe. In the world today, totalitarianism is shown in Chinese, and North Korean governments.

Utilitarianism

Utilitarians believe that a good act is one that maximizes happiness for the most people, while minimizing suffering or not causing more suffering than happiness. Jeremy Bentham, an English philosopher, introduced the idea of utilitarianism. He argued that the government should try to promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people and that in general the individual should be free to pursue his or her own advantage without interference from the state. 

This form of government is extremely idealistic. It would fail almost immediatelyafter its induction. Some of the problems with it are that it doesn't account for crime, economy, or society. From my understanding people are allowed to be free to pursue whatever they wanted and it's the government's job to step aside and not take action if you decided to go on a killing spree. Utilitarianism would solve some of the problems most citizens have with their government all over the world,  but in no way could it keep peace and stability in an entire nation.

Connection Across Time

Ed Hammer, a lighting research engineer for many years, invented the first compact fluorescent light bulb in 1976. Due to high costs and other restrictions, they did not enter the market until much more recently. High efficiency light bulbs come in two main types: compact fluorescent and LED (Light Emitting Diode). Compact fluorescent bulbs are designed to replace standard light bulbs in most home applications; anywhere you use regular light bulbs, you can use these new compact fluorescent bulbs. They last much longer, as much as 10 times longer than a regular bulb, and are about five times more energy efficient than a standard bulb. They also tend to be much cooler to the touch. By using less electricity, they also reduce the production of greenhouse gases and other pollutants often created by electricity generation.

Samuel Crompton's Spinning Mule

In 1779, Samuel Crompton combined the moving carriage of the spinning jenny with the rollers of the water frame and called it the spinning mule. It made thread that was stronger, finer, and more consistent than earlier spinning machines. This machine gave the spinner more control over the weaving process, many different types of yarns, changing the world and how it made its textiles.

Richard Arkwright's Water Frame

In 1769, an English inventor named Richard Arkwright created the water frame. The machine used  the water-power from rapid steams to drive spinning wheels. The water frame could produce stronger threads for yarns. It was the first powered, automatic, and continuous textile machine and enabled the move away from small home manufacturing towards factory production.

John Kay's Flying Shuttle

In 1733, a machinist named John Kay made a shuttle that sped back and forth on wheels. This flying shuttle, a boat-shaped piece of wood to which yarn was attached, doubled the work a weaver could do in a day. It was normally pushed from one side of the warp (series of yarns extended lengthwise in the loom) to the other side by hand.

Introduction

Chapter 9 talks about the Industrial Revolution, a period of time which refers to the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the 18th century. Before the Industrial Revolution, people wove textiles by hand. Beginning in the middle 1700s, machines did this and other jobs as well. The Industrial Revolution started in England and soon spread to Continental Europe and North America. In this chapter I hope to get a better understanding of how a revolution affects different people all over the world.